Planning low-carbon distributed power systems: Evaluating the role of energy storage

This paper introduces a mathematical formulation of energy storage systems into generation capacity expansion framework to evaluate the role in decarbonization distributed power systems. The modeling accounts for dynamic charging/discharging efficiencies and maximum cycling powers as well cycle calendar degradation Li-ion battery system. Results from small-scale system indicate that incorporating batteries planning problem does not significantly change optimal portfolio, while adding substantial computational burden. In contrast, accounting leads substantially different outcomes, especially deep scenarios with larger capacities. Under assumptions used this study, it is found economically viable 2020 only under strict carbon emission constraints. given projected technology advances corresponding cost reductions, exhibits an attractive option enable 2050.